New coronavirus infection: flow forms, therapy

In 2013, coronavirus was registered for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula, at the same time it triggered an outbreak of the disease, which resulted in a large number of lethal outcomes. Today, coronavirus outbreaks have been recorded in 198 countries, including Belarus.

We have prepared material for you to understand what COVID-19 is, how not to be infected and what preventive measures to take.

What are Coronaviruses?

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that, as of January 2020, include 40 types of RNA-containing viruses in two families. Coronavirus COVID-19 infection is caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

What are the dangers of coronaviruses?

Coronaviruses affect the human respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract, but that's not the only thing they're dangerous. Coronavirus has a specific penetration mechanism - it penetrates the cell through its membrane and is embedded in human DNA. This leads to damage to tissues in the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract, causing further complications.

Coronaviruses do not penetrate through the cell membrane in a chaotic order, but attack the transmembrane receptors and mimic S-proteins important for life, which leads to complicated recognition of the virus by the immune system.

Some coronaviruses are contagious even before symptoms appear in an infected person.

Coronavirus COVID-2019

COVID-2019 was first discovered in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The pandemic began with the registration of the first cases of pneumonia of unknown origin associated with the local market of animals and seafood Huanan.

On 31 December 2019, the Government of China reported an outbreak of an unknown disease to the World Health Organization. On 22 January, Wuhan was closed for quarantine and two days later all surrounding urban districts.

On 11 March, the World Health Organization announced that the outbreak of COVID-19 had become a pandemic, with Europe becoming the centre on 13 March.

Etiology

The coronavirus is surrounded by a shell that is permeated with spikes with a neck structure and spherical heads on the necks. This structure resembles the crown, from which the name comes.

Picture 1 Photo by ria.ru

Epidemiology

Coronavirus was first isolated in 1956 from patients with acute respiratory viral infection (AVI). However, coronaviruses did not attract attention until an outbreak of SARS, also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, was reported in China in 2002-2003. The SARS-SoV virus caused the disease. The disease has spread to other countries. 8,273 people fell ill and 775 died. The lethality was 9.6%.

In 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by freshly detected 2019-nCoV began in China and soon spread to other countries.

Coronavirus can be contracted from an infected person or animal. Mechanisms of disease transmission:

• by airborne droplets;
• airborne dust;
• feces-oral;
• by contact with an infected person.

The incubation period is about 5 days, but may last from 2 to 14 days.

Immunity after the disease is not generated - it can be re-infected. In case of repeated and subsequent infection, the disease is more severe than the first time and causes severe complications in the respiratory system.

Pathogenesis

At present, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unknown, but doctors have suspicions that it may be similar to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV - the virus enters the cell through attachment to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of COVID-2019:

• pain in swallowing and sneezing;
• rhinitis;
• headache;
• reduced oxygen content in the body or individual organs and tissues;
• coughing;
• temperature rise;
• chill;
• muscle pain.

Complications

Complications at COVID-19:

• pneumonia;
• arrhythmia;
• respiratory failure, which develops a pronounced oxygen deficiency;
• acute kidney failure;
• complications of severe infectious diseases;
• formation of blood clots in blood vessels;
• complication of pregnancy.

Prevention of coronavirus infection

Measures of prevention COVID-2019:

• limit yourself to visiting places with large crowds of people;
• restrict travel to countries with high infection rates;
• regularly wash hands and treat with antiseptic at least 3 ml at a time;
• restrict contacts at close range;
• strengthen immunity;
• take more walks in the fresh air;
• ventilate the living space more often.

Picture 2 Photo by zen.yandex.ru

Diagnosis of coronavirus infection

Diagnosis of coronavirus is not carried out on the clinical picture, as to determine the presence of coronavirus in the body can only test-systems.

Treatment of coronavirus infection in humans

Mode and diet

The World Health Organization recommends that we remain self-isolated so that we do not endanger our health and that of our loved ones.

Bed rest is available for patients.

Dieticians and doctors say that there are no products that can cure coronavirus, but for prevention should be introduced into the diet products high in vitamin C.

Medicinal treatment

In the treatment of coronavirus mild to moderate severity include symptom treatment. Apply drugs to reduce fever, cough medicine, runny nose products and so on.

For the treatment of severe forms of coronavirus use drug therapy.

Pharmacotherapy coronavirus:

• antiviral drugs;
• specific immunoglobulins;
• corticosteroids.

Corticosteroids are prescribed for progressive deterioration of clinical picture, prolonged lymphopenia, and reduction of blood oxygen saturation.

In the development of severe complications shows the use of antibiotics, artificial lung ventilation.

Good results were obtained with administration of plasma from SARS patients to severe patients.

Folk remedies

One of the folk remedies is a bathhouse. In the bath with sweat slags come out of the body, but if a person is already infected, the bath is contraindicated, because in this situation, the state can get worse.

Now there are many myths about taking a small amount of alcohol to prevent coronavirus infection. You should not resort to these measures, as alcohol weakens your body and immune system.

The number of coronavirus patients is increasing every day. To prevent infection, stay at home and go out only when you are in urgent need. The Justarrived team wishes you health and, if you are under treatment, a speedy recovery!